GPT-5.4 Mini (Reasoning, Low)

openai/gpt-5.4-mini

GPT-5.4 Mini (Reasoning, Low)

via OpenRouter

Release Date

Mar 17th, 2026

Context Size

400k

Reasoning

Yes

Benchmark Cost

$3.31

Speed

130.4 tok/s

Subcategories

Bad Writing Habits

Detects common prose quality anti-patterns in AI-generated creative writing, including passive voice, past progressive overuse, weak dialogue tags, filter words, purple prose, cliches, AI-ism words/adverbs/names, and more.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Detailed Writing Rules
Fantasy: entering an ancient ruin Creative Writing Hallucination	90	89	87	86	85	87%
Horror: alone in an eerie place at night Creative Writing Hallucination	92	89	87	87	87	88%
Literary fiction: old friends reunite Creative Writing Hallucination	91	85	85	85	84	86%
Mystery: examining a crime scene Creative Writing Hallucination	91	89	88	87	84	88%
Romance: separated couple reunites Creative Writing Hallucination	91	90	88	88	85	88%
Thriller: chase through city streets Creative Writing Hallucination	91	90	89	88	86	89%
Detailed Writing Rules						87.80%
genre
Fantasy: entering an ancient ruin Creative Writing Hallucination	85	84	83	82	80	83%
Horror: alone in an eerie place at night Creative Writing Hallucination	88	88	86	85	82	86%
Literary fiction: old friends reunite Creative Writing Hallucination	90	88	87	86	86	87%
Mystery: examining a crime scene Creative Writing Hallucination	89	88	87	87	84	87%
Romance: separated couple reunites Creative Writing Hallucination	91	90	89	89	89	90%
Thriller: chase through city streets Creative Writing Hallucination	91	88	88	88	82	87%
genre						86.63%
Novelcrafter Default Prompt
Fantasy: entering an ancient ruin Creative Writing Hallucination	89	86	84	83	79	84%
Horror: alone in an eerie place at night Creative Writing Hallucination	90	86	85	85	84	86%
Literary fiction: old friends reunite Creative Writing Hallucination	87	86	85	84	79	84%
Mystery: examining a crime scene Creative Writing Hallucination	89	88	86	86	84	87%
Romance: separated couple reunites Creative Writing Hallucination	88	87	86	86	84	86%
Thriller: chase through city streets Creative Writing Hallucination	91	88	88	87	87	88%
Novelcrafter Default Prompt						85.89%
86.78%

Codex Extraction

Evaluates a model's ability to extract structured codex entries (characters, locations, objects, lore) from prose passages and return them as well-formed XML.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Long: The Spire of Echoes (Dense) Tooling Reasoning	96	96	95	95	95	95%
Medium: The Hollow (Inferred) Tooling Reasoning	96	95	94	94	93	94%
Medium: Through the Thornveil (Scattered) Tooling Reasoning	94	91	90	89	88	91%
Short: The Rusty Lantern (Explicit) Tooling Reasoning	92	90	89	88	87	89%
92.42%

Codex Red Herring (False Positive Detection)

Tests whether models correctly report "no violations" when a codex is fully consistent with the prose passage. Models that hallucinate false violations (false positives) fail. Uses a 2×2 matrix of text length × codex size, with bare and detailed-entry variants.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
basic entries
Long text (~1594 words), big codex (51 entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	25	25	85%
Long text (~1594 words), small codex (11 entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Short text (~524 words), big codex (51 entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	25	25	85%
Short text (~524 words), small codex (11 entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	25	93%
basic entries											90.63%
detailed entries
Long text (~1594 words), big codex (51 detailed entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Long text (~1594 words), small codex (11 detailed entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Short text (~524 words), big codex (51 detailed entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Short text (~524 words), small codex (11 detailed entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
detailed entries											100.00%
95.31%

Codex Violation Detection

Detects factual inconsistencies between a story bible and prose passages. The model must output structured XML identifying each violation with paragraph number and substring.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
matrix
Large codex (40 entries), long passage (1,019 words) Tooling Reasoning	91	90	89	89	88	87	86	85	85	84	87%
Large codex (40 entries), short passage (165 words) Tooling Reasoning	96	96	95	94	93	92	91	89	87	87	92%
Small codex (7 entries), long passage (734 words) Tooling Reasoning	93	88	88	88	84	84	83	80	75	75	84%
Small codex (7 entries), short passage (165 words) Tooling Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	97	97	97	99%
matrix											90.61%
tiers
5 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
10 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	100	100	100	100	94	94	94	89	89	89	95%
20 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	94	94	94	94	92	92	89	89	88	81	91%
40 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	92	83	83	94%
tiers											94.82%
92.72%

Data extraction

Extract key details from a given block of text.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
All valid emails Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Contextual pronoun Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Fruits excluding citrus Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Future event time Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Guess the pet Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Highest-rated movie Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Indirect birth year Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
What instrument does Lucy play? Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
What's the color of the car? Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
What's the correct time? Reasoning	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
Who's the sister? Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Who's the tallest? Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
91.67%

Dialogue tags

Various tasks related to dialogue tags in text.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
dialogue-200
Write 200 words with 10% dialogue Rule Following Utility	99	60	50	50	49	47	43	35	34	28	50%
Write 200 words with 50% dialogue Rule Following Utility	82	64	61	55	52	50	43	34	5	1	45%
Write 200 words with 90% dialogue Rule Following Utility	70	68	68	66	63	57	53	39	35	10	53%
dialogue-200											49.09%
dialogue-500
Write 500 words with 30% dialogue Rule Following Utility	18	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2%
Write 500 words with 50% dialogue Rule Following Utility	21	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2%
Write 500 words with 70% dialogue Rule Following Utility	50	40	32	23	4	4	3	2	0	0	16%
dialogue-500											6.68%
Ungrouped
Write unattributed dialogue Rule Following	61	61	61	61	14	14	14	14	14	1	31%
28.35%

Language Comprehension

Does the model understand more than just English?

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Asking for directions (Dutch) Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Asking for directions (German) Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Friend got new kittens (German) Language	100	100	100	100	0	80%
Friend got new kittens (Tagalog) Language	100	100	100	0	0	60%
85.00%

Language Writing

Can the model generate text in different languages?

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Character dialogue (French) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character dialogue (German) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	97	99%
Character dialogue (Hindi) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character dialogue (Italian) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character dialogue (Spanish) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
99.89%

N-Length Sentences

Write sentences with exactly N words

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
Write sentences with 5 words each Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Write sentences with 10 words each Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Write sentences with 20 words each Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
100.00%

Novel outline

Handle questions about the outline of a novel in various formats

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
outline-count
Count acts Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Count chapters Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Count scenes Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
outline-count											100.00%
pov-count
Count point of views for Jack and Olivia Utility	100	50	50	50	50	50	0	0	0	0	35%
Count point of views for Jack Harper Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Count point of views for Olivia Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
pov-count											78.33%
89.17%

Text Replacement

Tests deterministic text transformations: renaming characters/locations, expanding contractions, tense rewriting, POV shifts, gender swaps, combined transformations, and word avoidance. Scored by checking each expected change independently.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	Total
Generic Prompt
Avoid said/asked/replied/answered Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	89	89	97%
Character rename: Elena->Mirabel, Gregor->Aldric Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Combined: 3rd person past → 1st person present Text Editing	99	99	99	99	99	98	95	98%
Expand all contractions Text Editing	91	90	89	89	88	87	84	88%
Location rename: market square, outer ring, bridge, northern mines Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Multi-character gender swap: Priya(F)->Rohan(M), Mara unchanged Text Editing	100	100	100	100	74	74	74	89%
Passive voice → active voice Text Editing Hallucination	94	93	91	90	89	89	88	91%
POV shift: 3rd person to 1st person (Elena's perspective) Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Tense rewriting: past to present Text Editing	96	96	96	96	96	95	91	95%
Generic Prompt								95.34%
Specific Prompt
Avoid said/asked/replied/answered Text Editing	100	100	100	100	89	89	89	95%
Character rename: Elena->Mirabel, Gregor->Aldric Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Combined: 3rd person past → 1st person present Text Editing	99	99	98	98	97	96	96	98%
Expand all contractions Text Editing	100	100	100	100	99	98	83	97%
Location rename: market square, outer ring, bridge, northern mines Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Multi-character gender swap: Priya(F)->Rohan(M), Mara unchanged Text Editing	100	100	95	95	95	94	94	96%
Passive voice → active voice Text Editing Hallucination	94	94	93	92	92	92	89	92%
POV shift: 3rd person to 1st person (Elena's perspective) Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Tense rewriting: past to present Text Editing	100	100	100	100	98	98	97	99%
Specific Prompt								97.54%
96.44%

Tool usage within Novelcrafter

Output messages that are related to tool usage within Novelcrafter

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
Create alternate prose sections Tooling	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
100.00%

Voice/dialogue sheets

Extract dialogue from given text as voice sheets.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
Multiple speakers Rule Following	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
Simple Rule Following	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20%
Simple (1-shot) 1-shot Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	0	90%
Simple (5-shot) Few-shot Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Unattributed dialogue Rule Following	100	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30%
48.00%

Write N of X

Write exactly N words/sentences/paragraphs...

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
paragraphs
1 paragraph summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
3 paragraph summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
5 paragraph summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
paragraphs											100.00%
sentences
1 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
3 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
10 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
20 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
50 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	98	98	100%
sentences											99.92%
words
10 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
20 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
50 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
100 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	98	54	95%
200 word summary Utility	100	100	100	98	98	77	77	2	0	0	65%
words											92.10%
96.93%