GPT-4.1 Mini - NC Bench

openai/gpt-4.1-mini

GPT-4.1 Mini

via OpenRouter

Release Date

Apr 14th, 2025

Context Size

Reasoning

Benchmark Cost

$1.01

Speed

129.8 tok/s

Subcategories

Bad Writing Habits

Detects common prose quality anti-patterns in AI-generated creative writing, including passive voice, past progressive overuse, weak dialogue tags, filter words, purple prose, cliches, AI-ism words/adverbs/names, and more.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Detailed Writing Rules
Fantasy: entering an ancient ruin Creative Writing Hallucination	76	75	74	70	70	73%
Horror: alone in an eerie place at night Creative Writing Hallucination	81	79	78	78	74	78%
Literary fiction: old friends reunite Creative Writing Hallucination	82	79	76	75	75	77%
Mystery: examining a crime scene Creative Writing Hallucination	80	75	74	74	72	75%
Romance: separated couple reunites Creative Writing Hallucination	80	79	76	74	73	76%
Thriller: chase through city streets Creative Writing Hallucination	83	78	77	77	72	78%
Detailed Writing Rules						76.19%
genre
Fantasy: entering an ancient ruin Creative Writing Hallucination	78	72	71	68	66	71%
Horror: alone in an eerie place at night Creative Writing Hallucination	79	78	76	71	67	74%
Literary fiction: old friends reunite Creative Writing Hallucination	73	72	70	67	67	70%
Mystery: examining a crime scene Creative Writing Hallucination	78	76	74	70	70	74%
Romance: separated couple reunites Creative Writing Hallucination	73	72	71	70	69	71%
Thriller: chase through city streets Creative Writing Hallucination	86	81	80	79	79	81%
genre						73.38%
Novelcrafter Default Prompt
Fantasy: entering an ancient ruin Creative Writing Hallucination	76	73	70	66	62	69%
Horror: alone in an eerie place at night Creative Writing Hallucination	81	80	75	75	74	77%
Literary fiction: old friends reunite Creative Writing Hallucination	81	75	75	71	67	74%
Mystery: examining a crime scene Creative Writing Hallucination	79	78	77	76	75	77%
Romance: separated couple reunites Creative Writing Hallucination	78	76	73	70	67	73%
Thriller: chase through city streets Creative Writing Hallucination	83	78	77	75	75	78%
Novelcrafter Default Prompt						74.63%
74.73%

Codex Extraction

Evaluates a model's ability to extract structured codex entries (characters, locations, objects, lore) from prose passages and return them as well-formed XML.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Long: The Spire of Echoes (Dense) Tooling Reasoning	94	92	91	91	90	92%
Medium: The Hollow (Inferred) Tooling Reasoning	92	92	90	90	89	91%
Medium: Through the Thornveil (Scattered) Tooling Reasoning	92	92	92	91	91	92%
Short: The Rusty Lantern (Explicit) Tooling Reasoning	94	91	91	86	80	88%
90.66%

Codex Red Herring (False Positive Detection)

Tests whether models correctly report "no violations" when a codex is fully consistent with the prose passage. Models that hallucinate false violations (false positives) fail. Uses a 2×2 matrix of text length × codex size, with bare and detailed-entry variants.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
basic entries
Long text (~1594 words), big codex (51 entries) Hallucination	29	29	25	25	25	25	25	25	4	2	21%
Long text (~1594 words), small codex (11 entries) Hallucination	35	35	35	33	31	30	30	29	28	5	29%
Short text (~524 words), big codex (51 entries) Hallucination	33	32	32	31	31	31	30	30	30	6	29%
Short text (~524 words), small codex (11 entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	35	33	31	31	30	7	57%
basic entries											33.92%
detailed entries
Long text (~1594 words), big codex (51 detailed entries) Hallucination	30	28	28	28	27	27	27	27	27	25	27%
Long text (~1594 words), small codex (11 detailed entries) Hallucination	50	50	33	33	33	32	31	29	28	2	32%
Short text (~524 words), big codex (51 detailed entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	50	31	31	29	25	25	59%
Short text (~524 words), small codex (11 detailed entries) Hallucination	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	32	93%
detailed entries											52.93%
43.42%

Codex Violation Detection

Detects factual inconsistencies between a story bible and prose passages. The model must output structured XML identifying each violation with paragraph number and substring.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
matrix
Large codex (40 entries), long passage (1,019 words) Tooling Reasoning	83	79	77	70	69	68	65	64	63	57	70%
Large codex (40 entries), short passage (165 words) Tooling Reasoning	85	85	85	82	80	80	80	78	72	66	79%
Small codex (7 entries), long passage (734 words) Tooling Reasoning	90	90	90	90	90	90	84	84	84	75	87%
Small codex (7 entries), short passage (165 words) Tooling Reasoning	97	97	97	97	93	93	92	88	88	88	93%
matrix											82.11%
tiers
5 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	93	93	83	83	83	83	83	83	83	60	83%
10 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	92	92	92	92	92	86	86	86	86	79	89%
20 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	89	86	86	86	85	82	82	69	69	69	80%
40 codex entries Tooling Reasoning	90	84	84	84	80	80	79	79	76	75	81%
tiers											83.29%
82.70%

Data extraction

Extract key details from a given block of text.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
All valid emails Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Contextual pronoun Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Fruits excluding citrus Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Future event time Reasoning	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50%
Guess the pet Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Highest-rated movie Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Indirect birth year Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
What instrument does Lucy play? Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
What's the color of the car? Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
What's the correct time? Reasoning	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
Who's the sister? Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Who's the tallest? Reasoning	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
87.50%

Dialogue tags

Various tasks related to dialogue tags in text.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
dialogue-200
Write 200 words with 10% dialogue Rule Following Utility	50	50	50	50	49	43	42	22	14	0	37%
Write 200 words with 50% dialogue Rule Following Utility	98	50	49	49	47	45	41	41	10	0	43%
Write 200 words with 90% dialogue Rule Following Utility	68	68	67	67	59	36	23	19	18	18	45%
dialogue-200											41.50%
dialogue-500
Write 500 words with 30% dialogue Rule Following Utility	50	11	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7%
Write 500 words with 50% dialogue Rule Following Utility	43	30	14	7	5	2	1	0	0	0	10%
Write 500 words with 70% dialogue Rule Following Utility	52	48	48	12	2	1	0	0	0	0	16%
dialogue-500											11.09%
Ungrouped
Write unattributed dialogue Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	61	14	87%
35.03%

Language Comprehension

Does the model understand more than just English?

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Asking for directions (Dutch) Language	100	100	100	100	0	80%
Asking for directions (German) Language	100	100	0	0	0	40%
Friend got new kittens (German) Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Friend got new kittens (Tagalog) Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
80.00%

Language Writing

Can the model generate text in different languages?

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	Total
Character dialogue (French) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	82	96%
Character dialogue (German) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character dialogue (Hindi) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character dialogue (Italian) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character dialogue (Spanish) in a story Language	100	100	100	100	100	100%
99.27%

N-Length Sentences

Write sentences with exactly N words

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
Write sentences with 5 words each Utility	100	100	100	100	99	98	98	97	96	93	98%
Write sentences with 10 words each Utility	97	97	95	92	92	92	91	90	88	84	92%
Write sentences with 20 words each Utility	87	82	59	59	51	42	38	34	32	4	49%
79.62%

Novel outline

Handle questions about the outline of a novel in various formats

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
outline-count
Count acts Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Count chapters Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Count scenes Utility	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10%
outline-count											70.00%
pov-count
Count point of views for Jack and Olivia Utility	100	100	100	100	100	50	50	50	0	0	65%
Count point of views for Jack Harper Utility	100	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30%
Count point of views for Olivia Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	0	90%
pov-count											61.67%
65.83%

Text Replacement

Tests deterministic text transformations: renaming characters/locations, expanding contractions, tense rewriting, POV shifts, gender swaps, combined transformations, and word avoidance. Scored by checking each expected change independently.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	Total
Generic Prompt
Avoid said/asked/replied/answered Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character rename: Elena->Mirabel, Gregor->Aldric Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Combined: 3rd person past → 1st person present Text Editing	99	99	99	99	99	99	98	99%
Expand all contractions Text Editing	99	99	99	99	99	98	98	99%
Location rename: market square, outer ring, bridge, northern mines Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Multi-character gender swap: Priya(F)->Rohan(M), Mara unchanged Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Passive voice → active voice Text Editing Hallucination	92	92	91	91	91	89	87	90%
POV shift: 3rd person to 1st person (Elena's perspective) Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	97	95	99%
Tense rewriting: past to present Text Editing	95	95	92	92	92	92	88	92%
Generic Prompt								97.73%
Specific Prompt
Avoid said/asked/replied/answered Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Character rename: Elena->Mirabel, Gregor->Aldric Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Combined: 3rd person past → 1st person present Text Editing	100	99	99	99	99	96	96	99%
Expand all contractions Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Location rename: market square, outer ring, bridge, northern mines Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Multi-character gender swap: Priya(F)->Rohan(M), Mara unchanged Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	99	99	100%
Passive voice → active voice Text Editing Hallucination	95	94	94	92	92	92	91	93%
POV shift: 3rd person to 1st person (Elena's perspective) Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Tense rewriting: past to present Text Editing	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Specific Prompt								99.03%
98.38%

Tool usage within Novelcrafter

Output messages that are related to tool usage within Novelcrafter

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
Create alternate prose sections Tooling	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	67	97%
96.67%

Voice/dialogue sheets

Extract dialogue from given text as voice sheets.

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
Multiple speakers Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	0	90%
Simple Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	0	90%
Simple (1-shot) 1-shot Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Simple (5-shot) Few-shot Rule Following	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
Unattributed dialogue Rule Following	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0%
76.00%

Write N of X

Write exactly N words/sentences/paragraphs...

Scenario	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8	#9	#10	Total
paragraphs
1 paragraph summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
3 paragraph summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
5 paragraph summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
paragraphs											100.00%
sentences
1 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
3 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
10 sentence summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
20 sentence summary Utility	100	100	92	92	92	77	54	27	27	0	66%
50 sentence summary Utility	100	100	54	27	27	0	0	0	0	0	31%
sentences											79.41%
words
10 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100%
20 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	98	98	98	99%
50 word summary Utility	100	100	100	100	100	100	98	98	92	92	98%
100 word summary Utility	100	100	98	98	92	92	92	77	77	77	91%
200 word summary Utility	77	27	9	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	12%
words											79.92%
84.36%